Car body parts
The car body is its main structural part, designed for the transportation of cargo or passengers. It includes the following elements:

Hatch covers
Installed on gondolas, hoppers, covered cars.
Function: closing loading or unloading hatches to prevent cargo loss and protection from external factors.

Types:
Unloading - located at the bottom of the car, open for unloading bulk cargo.
Loading - located on the roof of covered cars and hoppers.
Material: High-strength steel or aluminum alloys (to reduce weight).
Front and rear stops
Located in the front and rear of the car.
Function:
Limit the movement of cargo inside the body.
Strengthen the car structure, preventing its deformation when loaded.
In some models, there are elements of protection against collisions.
Material: Cast iron or steel with high impact resistance.

Cast parts of the traction coupling device
The traction coupling device (TSU) is a system for connecting cars to each other and transmitting traction and braking forces. Includes:

Absorber housings
This is a key coupling element that absorbs shock loads when touching, braking and moving the train.

Function:
Absorbing impact energy, extending the service life of the coupling device.
Reducing dynamic loads on the car body.
Material: Cast iron or steel with high wear resistance.
Autocoupling and its elements
Includes the autocoupling head, shank, locking mechanism.
Ensures reliable connection of cars without manual intervention.
Cast parts of the coupling mechanism
Tow clamps and brackets transmit traction forces from the automatic coupling to the car frame.
Axles and hinges - ensure the mobility of the coupling when moving along curved sections of the track.